5A Trace Width Calculator
2oz Copper | External Layer | IPC-2221
For 5A current on 2oz copper external layer with 10°C temperature rise:
Input Parameters
MOD: TR_WID_V1Results
Analysis & Recommendations
Design Guidance
- •5A on External layer, min width: 1.39mm
- •Add 10-20% safety margin. Recommended: 1.60mm
- •Cross-sectional area: 150.03 mil² (0.0968 mm²)
Electrical Impact
- •Resistance (10mm trace): 1.85 mΩ
- •Voltage drop: 9.26 mV
- •Power dissipation: 46.28 mW
IPC-2221 Calculation Method
This calculation uses the IPC-2221 standard formula: I = k × ΔT^b × A^c where k=0.048, b=0.44, c=0.725. External layers dissipate heat more effectively to surrounding air
Understanding 5A Trace Width Requirements
When designing a PCB that needs to carry 5 amperes of current, proper trace width calculation is critical for thermal management and reliability. Based on the IPC-2221 standard, a 2oz copper external layer trace requires approximately 1.39mm (54.8 mil) width to safely handle this current with a 10°C temperature rise. This calculation ensures your printed circuit board maintains optimal performance without excessive heating, which could lead to solder joint failure, delamination, or fire hazards in extreme cases.
Key Parameters for 5A Design
- Current Capacity: 5A (amperes) - the maximum continuous current this trace is designed to carry
- Copper Weight: 2 oz/ft² (70μm) - determines the conductor cross-sectional area
- Layer Type: External ( better heat dissipation to ambient air)
- Temperature Rise: 10°C above ambient (IPC-2221 conservative design guideline)
- Cross-Section Area: 150.03 sq mil (0.0968 mm²)
Why Layer Type Matters for 5A Current
External layers can dissipate heat more effectively through convection to the surrounding air, allowing for narrower traces compared to internal layers. For 5A on 2oz copper, this means you can achieve adequate current carrying capacity with a trace width of 1.39mm. External copper layers benefit from both top and bottom surface area exposure for thermal radiation and convection.
IPC-2221 Standard Formula
The IPC-2221B standard provides the industry-accepted formula for PCB trace width calculation: I = k × ΔT^b × A^c, where I is current in amperes, ΔT is temperature rise in °C, A is cross-sectional area in square mils, and k, b, c are empirical constants specific to external layers. This is the empirical IPC-2221 relationship this calculator implements; real boards also depend on copper thickness tolerance, airflow and neighbouring traces, so treat the result as an estimate.
5 A compared with other design choices
All figures come from the same IPC-2221 function as the calculator above, with a 100 mm run for resistance values.
| Copper | External (mm) | Internal (mm) |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5 oz | 5.56 | 14.47 |
| 1 oz | 2.78 | 7.24 |
| 2 oz | 1.39 | 3.62 |
| Rise | Width (mm) | R per 100 mm (mΩ) | Drop (mV) | Loss (mW) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 °C | 1.39 | 18.51 | 92.6 | 463 |
| 20 °C | 0.91 | 29.26 | 146.3 | 731 |
| 30 °C | 0.71 | 38.78 | 193.9 | 970 |
At the 10 °C design point a 100 mm run of this trace has 18.51 mΩ resistance (copper at 10 °C above 20 °C), drops 92.6 mV and dissipates 463 mW. Resistance, drop and loss scale linearly with trace length.
Next steps for a 5 A net: size layer-change vias for 5 A (vias need their own hole, plating and board-thickness inputs, so nothing is prefilled) or check the voltage drop of a long 5 A run.
Neighbouring currents on the same copper and layer: 4 A (1.02 mm), 6 A (1.79 mm).
Typical Applications for 5A Traces
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use a narrower trace than 1.39mm for 5A?
Using a narrower trace will increase temperature rise beyond 10°C. While acceptable for some applications, exceeding 20-30°C rise can affect solder joint reliability and nearby component performance. Consider using thicker copper (e.g., 2oz) or parallel traces for high-reliability designs.
How does ambient temperature affect this calculation?
The IPC-2221 formula calculates temperature RISE above ambient. If your board operates in a 50°C environment with 10°C rise, the trace will reach 60°C. For high-ambient applications, design for lower temperature rise to maintain adequate safety margins.
Should I add thermal vias for 5A traces?
Thermal vias can significantly improve heat dissipation, especially for internal layer traces. For 5A and above, consider adding vias connecting to ground planes for additional thermal spreading. Use our via current calculator to properly size thermal vias.
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